Vol 3, No 1 (2024): Volume 3

Background: Many patients with stable angina (SA) having moderate 50% lesions could deteriorate or stay stable for a long time. No present techniques nor test could accurately predict the progression to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stabilization of these moderate lesions. Based on the fluid dynamic methodology research, could turbulent flow further damage the plaque and rupture its cap? In contrast, could laminar flow delay the progression of the plaque and keep patients stable for a long period of time?

Methods: Patients with stable angina (SA) were admitted to the intermediate care unit and underwent coronary angiography. Patients were selected if they had a single 50% coronary lesion. The baseline angiographic factors included the flow characteristics: laminar or turbulent, anterograde or retrograde direction, and duration of the turbulent flow across the lesion. The patients were followed up for 2 years. The main clinical endpoints included (A) the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), (B) the need for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), or (C) persistent stable angina without new clinical or interventional events.

Results: 20 patients with moderate lesions were enrolled and followed up for 2 years. The majority of the lesions (18/20= 90%) were located at the mid-segment of the right coronary artery (RCA) or left anterior descending artery. There were six patients with turbulent flow seen at the lesion. 83% of these patients (5/6) developed ACS regardless of the blood pressure or low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) level. If the patients had laminar flow, with well-controlled HTN (SBP< 130mmHg) and LDL cholesterol (<75mg%), these patients had NO clinical ACS and event (= 93% 13/14 patients).

Conclusions: The preliminary results of a pilot study with only 20 patients showed that patients with turbulent flow at the location of a moderate lesion progressed to ACS and PCI. The patients with laminar flow across the lesion remained stable without the need for PCI. Larger randomized studies are needed to confirm the above findings.

Background: Semaglutide, a well-known medication used in treating type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, has gained attention for its beneficial effects on weight loss, leading to its investigation for use in obesity management. The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for chronic weight management. Semaglutide is the only drug among GLP-1RAs available in injectable and oral forms for treating diabetes. However, its approval for obesity treatment is limited to subcutaneous injection.

Methods: This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of oral and injectable forms of Semaglutide in overweight patients. PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 was utilized for statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 20 eligible articles published between 2015 and 2023 were included, comprising 7,852 participants (4,525 in the Semaglutide group and 3,327 in the placebo group). Seventeen studies utilized subcutaneous Semaglutide, while five studies evaluated the oral form. Analysis was conducted on the overall efficacy of Semaglutide, with subsequent sub-analysis comparing oral versus injectable forms, high-dose versus low-dose, diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, and the general population versus specific comorbidities. Additionally, side effects of oral versus injectable forms were assessed.

Conclusion: Overall, our findings contribute to the understanding of Semaglutide’s effectiveness and safety profile in managing obesity, providing insights into potential differences between oral and injectable formulations.

Objective: To assess the percentage of ectopic pregnancy (EP) among adolescent girls at Tu Du Hospital in 2022 in Vietnam.

Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study based on medical records of 59 cases at Tu Du Hospital in 2022 with a structured questionnaire and analyzed data using Excel and SPSS 18.0. We recorded data related to the rate of EP in adolescent patients at Tu Du Hospital in 2022, including demographic characteristics, medical history, initial assessment at the time of admission, clinical and para-clinical symptoms, treatment, and hospital stay.

Result: The rate of EP in adolescent girls was 1.31% (late adolescent accounted for 91.5%). The group of workers had the highest rate (30.5%), followed by students (25.4%). Most of the patients admitted to hospital with abdominal pain (42.4%). The proportion of para-uterine mass on vaginal examination and ruptured EP were 62.7% and 23.7%, respectively. There was 1 case of shock at the time of admission (1.7%).

Conclusion: This study will provide an overview of love, the sex of adolescence, and accompanying consequences. It is necessary to strengthen communication and health education on safe sex and sexually transmitted diseases, as well as enhance the role of parents towards adolescent girls.

Introduction: There have been studies examining the application of immature granulocyte counts (IG#) and immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) indexes, especially in the setting of sepsis originating from various sources. However, to the extent of our knowledge, there are no studies on applying these new indices in sepsis originating from the upper urinary tract. Thus, we conduct this research to evaluate the application IG# & IG% in diagnosing sepsis originating from the upper urinary tract at Binh Dan Hospital.

Purposes: To investigate the role IG# and IG% in diagnosing sepsis in patients with upper urinary tract infection.

Research Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective research of patients diagnosed with sepsis/septic shock caused by upper urinary tract infection, admitted to Binh Dan Hospital from January 1, 2020, to the end of December 31, 2022. Sepsis 2 (1992) was used to classify those patients into two groups: one with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) syndrome and the other with SIRS negative.

Results: 464 cases met the inclusion criteria. 219 patients had SIRS, of which 19 had positive blood cultures and 226 UTIs without SIRS. Results show that IG# and IG% are valuable tools for the initial screening of sepsis originating from upper urinary tract infections. The sensitivity of IG# was 59.7%, and the specificity was 74.3% at the cut-off point of 0.075 x 103/µL. The sensitivity of IG% was 69.3%, and the specificity was 61.9% at the recommended cut-off point of 0.55. When raising the cut-off point of IG% to 1.95, the specificity was 93%. IG#’s AUC is 0.734, IG%’s AUC is 0.692.

Conclusion: Although IG# & IG% cannot be used as a sole biomarker in diagnosing sepsis originating from the upper urinary tract, IG# & IG% are convenient, earliest markers that can help clinicians distinguish between infectious and non-infectious diseases at the time of admission point.